Length–mass allometries in amphibians

Body mass is rarely recorded in amphibians, and other body measurements (e.g. snout to vent length, SVL) are generally collected instead. However, length measurements, when used as proxies of body mass in comparative analyses, are problematic if different taxa and morphotypes are included. We developed allometric relationships to derive body mass from SVL measurements. We fitted phylogenetic generalized least square models for frogs (Anura) and salamanders (Caudata) and for several families separately. We tested whether allometric relationships differed between species with different habitat preferences and between morphs in salamanders. Models were fitted with SVL–mass measurements for 88 frog and 42 salamander species. We assessed the predictive performance of the models by cross‐validation. Overall, the models showed high explained variance and low forecasting errors. Models differed among semi‐aquatic, terrestrial and arboreal frogs, and between paedomorphic and non‐paedomorphic salamanders. Body mass estimates derived from our models allow for comparability of studies on multiple taxa and can be used for testing theories built upon evolutionary and ecological processes which are directly related to body mass.     

Effect of Geogenic Lead on Fungal and Collembolan Communities in Garden Topsoil

Geogenic lead (Pb) is considered to be less bioavailable than anthropogenic Pb and exerts less effect on the soil fauna. However, Pb contamination in vegetables has been reported in the case of geogenic anomalies, even at moderate concentrations (around 170 mg kg^–1). In this study, we investigated collembolan communities using both taxonomic- and trait-based approaches and observed fungal communities to assess the effects of a moderate geogenic Pb anomaly on collembolans and fungi in an urban vegetable garden soil. Results indicated that geogenic Pb indeed modified fungi communities and altered the functional structure of collembolan communities in garden soils. Although geogenic Pb presented low bioavailability, it affected soil fauna and vegetables similar to anthropogenic Pb.     

不同时期叶面喷施萘乙酸对秋芝麻品种赣芝13号产量及种子质量的影响

[目的]探讨苗期和花期叶面喷施萘乙酸(NAA)对秋芝麻产量及种子质量的影响,为秋芝麻高产栽培和种子繁育提供理论参考.[方法]以秋芝麻品种赣芝13号为试验材料,设叶面喷施清水(CK)及苗期(T1)、花期(T2)及苗期和花期重复喷施(T3)10 mg/L NAA溶液4个处理,成熟后测定上、中、下部蒴果的每蒴粒数及粒重等产量性状,并测定不同部位种子的发芽性状.[结果]不同时期叶面喷施NAA均能促使秋芝麻赣芝13号的株高和始蒴高度变高,空稍尖长度和果轴长度变长,单株蒴果数和每蒴粒数增加,但均与CK差异不显著(P>0.05,下同).与CK相比,不同时期叶面喷施NAA后,T1、T2和T3处理的千粒重分别增加5.58%、5.15%和6.44%,单株产量分别增加8.76%、5.15%和16.24%,单位面积产量分别增加10.96%、10.97%和24.72%,差异均达显著水平(P<0.05,下同).叶面喷施NAA还能显著增加赣芝13号植株上部蒴果的每蒴粒数和千粒重,显著提高上部蒴果种子的发芽率、苗高、根长和苗鲜重,提高种子质量,均以T3处理的效果较佳;但对中部和下部蒴果的相关性状影响不显著.[结论]叶面喷施NAA能显著提高赣芝13号的千粒重和单株产量,达到显著增产效果,苗期和花期重复喷施的作用效果优于苗期或花期单次喷施,其主要体现在显著提高上部蒴果的每蒴粒数和籽粒千粒重,使种子质量显著提高.     

Multidisciplinary study of a Lateglacial-Holocene sedimentary sequence near Bologna (Italy): insights on natural and anthropogenic impacts on the landscape dynamics

Journal of Soils and Sediments - This study investigated a Lateglacial to Holocene sedimentary sequence derived from a small catchment located at San Lazzaro di Savena in the surroundings of...     

集成云架构在横沙渔港信息化建设中的应用

渔业信息化大大提高了渔业生产、销售、质量跟踪等过程的效率。为了进一步提高渔港企业的生产效率,本文提出了一种基于云计算的渔业信息系统集成架构。本文从基础架构、平台与数据集成、软件应用服务三个方面阐述了渔业信息系统的集成与部署。经过实践证明,应用该架构可以提高渔业信息系统的效率、可用性和灵活性,减少维护成本。     

高脂日粮对小鼠消化系统自由基水平与物质消化、吸收的影响

选取6周龄雄性昆明种小鼠40只,按体质量随机分成4组:即对照组(正常日粮),高脂日粮组(粗脂肪含量18%),LA组(高脂日粮+0.05%LA和高脂日粮+0.1%LA).小鼠预饲1周后正式饲喂,饲喂5周后进行代谢试验.6周后测定小鼠消化系统自由基水平和肠道黏膜脂肪酶、蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性.结果表明,长期饲喂高脂日粮可显著提高小鼠消化系统自由基水平(P<0.05),降低肠道淀粉酶和蛋白酶活性(P<0.05),但肠道脂肪酶活性显著提高(P<0.05);小鼠对粗脂肪和粗蛋白消化率降低(P<0.05),蛋白沉积率降低(P<0.05).添加0.05%LA后,能显著降低高脂饲喂小鼠消化系统自由基水平(P<0.05),提高小鼠对粗脂肪、粗蛋白消化率(P<0.05),和蛋白沉积率(P<0.05);添加0.1%LA可使小鼠全血及系统自由基水平恢复到接近正常水平.由此得出:高脂摄入,增加小鼠消化系统自由基生成,降低消化酶活性、降低机体对营养物质的消化吸收.适宜的LA添加可有效清除小鼠消化系统自由基,提高消化酶活性,提高营养物质的利用率,缓解营养性氧化应激.